Two Commercial

What is the FAA’s rule on the vertical distance between two in flight commercial aircraft?

It depends on what altitude the intersection occurs and then, if the aircraft is RVSM qualified.

The goal of RVSM is to reduce the vertical separation above flight level (FL) 290 from the current 2000-ft minimum to 1000-ft minimum. This will allow aircraft to safely fly more optimum profiles, gain fuel savings and increase airspace capacity. The process of safely changing this separation standard requires a study to assess the actual performance of airspace users under the current separation (2000-ft) and potential performance under the new standard (1000-ft). In 1988, the ICAO Review of General Concept of Separation Panel (RGCSP) completed this study and concluded that safe implementation of the 1000-ft separation standard was technically feasible.

On January 20, 2005, RVSM was implemented between flight level (FL) 290-410 (inclusive) in the airspace of the lower 48 States of the United States, Alaska, Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic High Offshore Airspace (including Houston and Miami Oceanic airspace) and the San Juan FIR.
RVSM was implemented on the same date and at the same flight levels in Canadian Southern Domestic Airspace and in Mexico. (RVSM was implemented in Canadian Northern Domestic Airspace in April 2002).
The RVSM program enables vertical separation to be reduced between FL 290-410 (inclusive) from 2,000 ft. to 1,000 ft. RVSM was first implemented in North Atlantic Airspace in 1997. It is now implemented in other major airspaces such as Europe, the Pacific Ocean and Australia.
DRVSM provides user and provider benefits in domestic U.S. operations that have been enjoyed since 1997 in other world airspaces. RVSM makes six additional flight levels available for operations between FL 290-410. It enhances aircraft operating efficiency by making more fuel/time efficient flight levels available; enhances air traffic control flexibility and provides the potential for enhanced enroute airspace capacity.

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Working Capital Financing and Short-term Commercial Loans

It is very easy for borrowers to overlook short-term choices for commercial loans. With an economic recession impacting business activity adversely, all working capital financing options should be thoroughly evaluated. This article will describe alternatives such as short-term commercial mortgages and business cash advances.

Due to misunderstandings about long-term commercial financing, short-term commercial loans are often not considered properly. Although long-term commercial real estate financing options are often appropriate, there are practical short-term business financing choices that will be more workable and profitable for commercial borrowers.

The most critical short-term commercial financing techniques typically include short-term merchant cash advance and credit card processing programs and commercial real estate loan programs. Both working capital funding approaches are frequently a source of confusion for business owners.

An underutilized commercial financing strategy for businesses is possibly the best commercial loan strategy to secure cash for their business: a business cash advance using credit card processing. Credit card financing is an effective business financing tool that is usually overlooked by any business accepting credit cards as a customer payment method.

Service businesses, restaurants and retail stores are the most likely candidates to benefit from this working capital cash management strategy. This funding strategy uses an under-utilized business asset (credit card receivables) to obtain business cash advances based upon sales volume. This working capital cash strategy is also known as credit card factoring. Some business owners have used receivables financing or factoring which allows them to sell future receivables on a discounted basis.

Not all service and retail businesses can document business receivables to obtain a commercial loan. Businesses such as bars and restaurants do not typically have receivables to use for business financing. What these businesses do have in many cases is documented sales activity. It is this documented level of credit card sales activity that becomes a financial asset to the business and its working capital management strategies. Business cash advances from $5,000 to $300,000 can usually be obtained based on a merchant’s sales volume and future sales.

The commercial financing repayment requirement for working capital advances is normally under 12 months. The arrangement can be renewed for merchants that need the business cash advance program for a longer time.

There will usually be only a few business financing sources that are regularly successful at executing the credit card financing and processing. There are key difficulties to avoid with a working capital advance, and selecting an effective funding source is essential to an appropriate business cash advance program.

A long-term commercial mortgage is appropriate for many businesses that own commercial property. Business properties should normally be financed with a combination of short-term and long-term funds. When a longer-term commercial real estate loan is viable, it is preferable to secure long-term business financing, preferably for 30 years.

However there will be many commercial mortgage loan situations in which longer-term commercial financing is not appropriate for the business owner. In such circumstances it is important for a business owner to realize that there are viable short-term working capital strategies.

It is prudent to explore short-term commercial loan choices for business owners who want to refinance or sell the property within a short time frame. Appropriate short-term commercial mortgages will have more reasonable lockout fees and prepayment penalties than typically required with long-term commercial real estate financing.

While we will not attempt to describe the technical aspects of commercial loan prepayment fees and lockout fees in this article, we will note that the absence of such fees in most short-term commercial mortgage loan programs is a very positive aspect of these short-term working capital management options. The lack of such penalty fees could easily translate to a savings of 10% to 30% or more if a business owner needs to sell their commercial property during the time period which would have triggered prepayment fees and lockout fees in traditional longer-term commercial real estate loans.

Although prepayment and lockout fees will typically be avoided with short-term commercial mortgage loans, there are some trade-offs to be made if a business owner selects shorter-term working capital loans. When short-term commercial mortgages are available, they will usually not be readily available for special purpose commercial properties, the interest rate will frequently be in the range of 11% to 13% and the loan-to-value will typically be under 70%.

Multi-family, warehouse, mixed-use, office and retail commercial properties are the best candidates for short-term business finance options. For a typical short-term commercial loan, business owners should be comfortable with a time period of less than three years.

Few commercial lenders are capable of successfully executing short-term business financing. There are also numerous problems to avoid with short-term commercial mortgage programs, so selecting a lender is critical to business owners wanting a short-term business loan involving commercial property.

It is sufficiently important to repeat that a vital key to successful short-term commercial loans and business cash advances is selection of an appropriate lender. Despite the potential benefits of shorter-term business financing, the choice of a lending source cannot be overlooked.

About the Author

Learn how to avoid problems with working capital loans and obtain candid business cash advance advice – Stephen Bush is a small business cash management expert => AEX Commercial Loans and Commercial Mortgage Loans